Urbanization in Coastal Rural Areas and Its Spatial Implications: A Case Study of the Communes of Azla and Zaouiat Sidi Kacem (Tetouan Province)

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of coastal urbanization in the municipalities of Azla and Zaouiat Sidi Kacem through the analysis of statistical data, field observations, and interviews with local residents. The results indicate that the area is experiencing recent and rapid urban growth, concentrated primarily along the 32-km coastal strip of the study area. This growth is driven by the attractiveness of the location, its proximity to National Road No. 16, and the economic and tourism opportunities it offers. In contrast, the inland areas, particularly the mountainous zones, exhibit very low population densities due to rugged terrain, inadequate infrastructure, and spatial isolation. This situation has resulted in a clear spatial imbalance, with population and economic activities becoming highly concentrated along the coast. Field data further revealed that urbanization in the area is relatively recent and has accelerated since the 1990s, with the predominance of unplanned horizontal expansion in several settlements, including Douar Sidi Abdessalam Delbahar. This reflects increasing pressure on the coastal environment and a gradual reduction of natural spaces. This situation raises challenges related to spatial planning and sustainability, highlighting the need to restore balance between the coastal and inland areas and to improve infrastructure and services within the interior region.