Foreign Military Bases in Djibouti and Their Impact on National and Regional Security in the Horn of Africa: A Political Geography Study

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the foreign military bases in the Republic of Djibouti, analyze the political and strategic dimensions that led the government to approve their establishment, and examine their potential implications for Djibouti’s national security and the regional security of the countries of the Horn of Africa. The study adopted the descriptive, analytical, and historical approaches and relied on written sources, reports, and relevant studies. The study concluded that international competition over Djibouti is primarily geopolitical in nature and is closely linked to its strategic location in the Horn of Africa, rather than to the officially declared justifications such as combating terrorism, countering piracy, and providing humanitarian assistance. It also found that the multiplicity and heterogeneity of foreign military bases contribute to the complexity of political and security relations within the region. Furthermore, while this strategic importance enhances Djibouti’s international standing, it simultaneously raises challenges related to sovereignty and stability. The study recommends strengthening security and economic integration among the countries of the region, reviewing and regulating agreements related to foreign military bases in a manner that safeguards national sovereignty, and investing local resources and Djibouti’s geographical location to achieve development that reduces dependence on foreign military presence.